Hubris Legal
Pride is the arrogance or excessive pride that often leads to a person`s downfall. Hubris is a noun, the adjective form is presumptuous, and the adverb form is presumptuous. The word hubris is derived from the Greek word hubris, which means arrogance against the gods. In ancient times, pride was considered a crime and was defined as an act of violence committed to deliberately humiliate the victim. These acts of violence were usually bodily harm and assault or rape, as well as theft of religious objects. A famous example of pride in ancient Greece occurred when Meidias, a wealthy citizen of Athens, defeated Demosthenes while conducting official proceedings during Dionysia. Demosthenes was a famous orater known to overcome stuttering by speaking with pebbles in his mouth. Being accused of pride was shameful, and pride was often portrayed as a fatal mistake in Greek tragedies. Today, pride is not a crime, but it is still considered a tragic defect in the human psyche. 25. See also Thucydides (8.45.2.7), who asserts that the Athenians keep the wages of the navy low so that the sailors do not weaken their bodies out of pride. The ancient Greek concepts of honor (τιμή, timē) and shame (αἰδώς, aidōs) are decisive for this definition. The concept of honor included not only the exaltation of the one who receives honor, but also the shame of the one who has been defeated by the act of pride.
This concept of honor looks like a zero-sum game. Rush Rehm simplifies this definition of pride to the contemporary concept of “insolence, contempt and excessive violence.” [18] The protagonist Ajax in Sophocles` tragedy of Ajax shows pride in thinking that he does not need Zeus` help. Sophocles` Oedipus shows pride when he refuses to accept his fate. In Greek tragedy, pride leads to conflict, if not punishment or death, although when Orestes took it upon himself with pride to avenge his father – by killing his mother, Athena exonerated him. 13. In the language of a fourth-century marriage contract concluded by Elephantine (Mitteis, L., Chrestomatie, No. 283, p. 317Google Scholar), the woman`s sexual transgressions shame (aischune) her husband, and her infidelity represents excessive pride against her. 12. In 188a7, the kind of shameless love is explicitly called hubristic: ho meta tes hubreos Eros. “The court orders Mr. Serious to complete six hours of continuing education courses on federal practice and procedure, which must be completed within six months of this decision,” Justice Baylson added in his decision.
Graves should “provide certificates of attendance for each course, which include the name of the course, sponsoring organization or organizations, date of participation, and duration.” 7. See also Demosthenes 21:80, 144, which deals with the question of whether drunkenness denies the state of mind required for an attack to be arrogant. Studies suggest that pride, arrogance and presumption are related to the need for victory (although this does not always mean victory) rather than reconciliation, which may favour “friendly” groups. [8] Pride is generally perceived as a characteristic of an individual rather than a group, although the group to which the perpetrator belongs may suffer collateral consequences of illegal acts. Pride often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one`s own skills, achievements or abilities. The adjectival form of the noun hubris/hubris is hybristic/hybristic. [1] The Oxford English Dictionary defines “arrogance” as “high or exaggerated opinions about one`s abilities, importance, etc., which lead to excessive presumption or self-confidence, or to a feeling or attitude of being superior to others…”. [24] Adrian Davies sees arrogance as more generic and less severe than pride. [25] The word hubris, as used in the New Testament, corresponds to the Hebrew word Pasha, which means “transgression.” It represents a pride that “moves a man to defy God,” sometimes to the extent that he considers himself equal. [30] In contrast, the common word for “sin” was hamartia, which refers to error and reflects the complexity of the human condition. The result is guilt rather than direct punishment (as in the case of pride). [ref.
needed] Aristotle discusses pride in Rhetoric 1378b. Editor J. H. Freese notes on this passage: In the Old Testament, “pride is excessive pride, superficiality, or arrogance, which often leads to mortal retribution or nemesis.” Proverbs 16:18 says, “Pride precedes destruction, the haughty spirit before the fall.” [29] The most famous example of pride in ancient Greece is the case of Meidias, who in 348 BC. dem punched Demosthenes in the face while dressed in ceremonial robes and performing an official function. This sense of pride could also characterize rape. Pride has been present at least since the time of Solon (6th century BC). A.D.) a crime, and any citizen could bring charges against another party, as was the case for treason or impiety. (In contrast, only a family member of the victim could lay murder charges.) These events were not limited to myths, and some characters in the story were considered to have been punished for committing pride through their arrogance. One of these people was King Xerxes, as described in Aeschylus` play The Persians, who is said to have thrown chains to bind the Sea of Hellespont as punishment for daring to destroy his fleet.
[ref. needed] 9. See Policy 1311b2 and 1315a24. The same point arises in other contexts and helps explain what passion is, which eliminates the presumptuous quality of behavior, namely the lack of intention to assert oneself by inflicting harm, humiliation or shame. This deliberate feature is beautifully illustrated in Anabasis 5.5.16.2, where it is said that men take provisions not out of pride, but out of necessity.
