Compass Rose Definition
Wind rose from an ancient nautical chart by Portuguese cartographer Pedro Reinel (1504) – The file is in SVG format The cartographer Cresques Abraham of Mallorca was the first in his Catalan atlas of 1375 to draw a richly decorated compass rose on a map. In the late 15th century, Portuguese cartographers began drawing several ornate wind roses on the map, one on each of the sixteen circumferential roses (unless the illustration contradicted the coastal details). [17] A compass rose is an ancient version of a compass rose that embodied the compass directions as winds with individual names, such as the west wind Zephyry and the east wind Eurus. A fountain in Taranto, Italy, was inspired by and named after the Compass Rose. Very richly decorated wind rose, with fleur-de-lis as a northern marker and crossed pattée as an oriental mark, from the Cantino planisphere (1502) Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article on the compass rose Women immediately stood up and began to shake their curtains and relax their muscles. The compass rose was also depicted on lattice boards used on board ships to record navigation directions at defined time intervals. European Satellite Navigation Commemorative Coin with a Compass Rose – 12-point JPEG compass roses with marks at a distance of 30° are often painted on airport ramps to support the adjustment of magnetic expansion joints for aircraft. [21] 32-point compass roses are constructed by reducing these angles by half and creating quarter-wind at angles of difference of 111⁄4°. Quarter wind names are constructed with the names “X by Y”, which can be read as “a quarter of wind from X to Y”, where X is one of the eight main winds and Y is one of two adjacent cardinal directions. For example, the northeast (NbE) is a quarter of wind from north to east, northeast by north (NEbN) is a quarter of wind from northeast to north. The name of the 32 dots on the rose is called “boxing the compass”.
The exact origin of the sailor`s eight-wind rose is unclear. Only two of its point names (Ostro, Libeccio) have classical etymologies, the rest of the names seem to be derived autonomously. Two Arabic words stand out: Scirocco (SE) from al-Sharq (الشرق – East in Arabic) and the variant Garbino (SW), from al-Gharb (الغرب – West in Arabic). This suggests that the sailor`s rose was probably used by sailors in southern Italy not by their classical Roman ancestors, but by Norman Sicily in the 11th century. until the 12th century. [15] The Maghreb and Mashreq coasts are south-west and south-east of Sicily respectively; El Greco (a northeast wind) reflects the position of Byzantine-occupied Calabrian Puglia northeast of Arab Sicily, while Maestro (a northwest wind) is a reference to the mistral wind blowing from the south of the French coast to northwestern Sicily. [Citation needed] The name of the 32 dots on the rose is called boxing the compass. “The Compass Rose.” dictionary Merriam-Webster.com, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/compass%20rose. Retrieved 9 October 2022. The 32-point rose has 111⁄4° between the points, but is easy to find by halving divisions and could have been easier for those who don`t use a 360° circle. Eight points give a right angle and one point is easy to estimate, so bearings such as “two points on the starboard bow” can be specified. [23] Rose of the Winds at 16 points with the north highlighted above – png He first came to prominence as a lawyer in Queens who settled a boiling racial dispute over social housing in Forest Hills.
Pieces of paper blew aimlessly, blowing from a feverish little breeze that rose in convulsions and died. A similar sidereal compass was used by Polynesian and Micronesian navigators in the Pacific Ocean, although in a number of cases different stars were used clustered around the east-west axis. [13] [14] The following table gives an approximate equivalence of the classic 12-wind rose with the directions of the modern compass (note: directions are inaccurate as it is not clear at what angles conventional winds should be relative to each other; some have argued that they should be evenly distributed at 30 degrees each; for more details, see the article on classic compass winds). [Citation needed] The 32-point rose has the unpleasant number of 111⁄4° between the points, but is easy to find by halving the divisions and could have been easier for those who don`t use a 360° circle. Using gradiens, of which there are 400 in a circle, the sixteen-stage rose will have twenty-five gradians per point. 4-point wind roses use only the four “headwinds” or “cardinal directions” (north, east, south, west), with 90° difference angles. The dots on a compass rose were often marked with the initial letters of the sailor`s main winds (T, G, L, S, O, L, P, M). From the beginning, the custom also began to distinguish the north from other points by a certain visual marking.
Medieval Italian cartographers usually used a simple arrowhead or t with a circumflex cap (an allusion to the compass needle) to designate the north, while the Mallorcan cartographic school usually used a stylized North Star for its marking to the north. [18] The use of fleur-de-lis as Nordmark was introduced by Pedro Reinel and quickly became common in wind roses (and is still often used today). Ancient wind roses also often used a Christian cross in Levante (E), which indicated the direction of Jerusalem from the mediterranean perspective. [19] The contemporary compass rose appears as two rings, one smaller and fixed in the other. The outer ring denotes the true cardinal directions, while the smaller inner ring denotes the magnetic cardinal directions. True north refers to the geographic location of the north pole, while magnetic north refers to the direction in which the north pole of a magnetic object (as it is in a compass) will point. The angular difference between true north and magnetic north is called variation, which varies depending on the location. [20] The angular difference between the magnetic trajectory and the direction of the compass is called a deviation, which varies depending on the ship and its trajectory.
North arrows are often included in contemporary maps as part of the map layout. The modern compass rose has eight main winds. Listed clockwise, these are: Decorated Wind Rose, with traditional wind letters, a pattée cross (referring to Jerusalem) for the east and a compass needle as a mark of the north, after a nautical chart by Jorge de Aguiar (1492) Ancient roses were depicted with 12 points at 30° each, as the Romans preferred. In the Middle Ages, carders switched to the 16-point rose, complaining that sailors did not have the necessary training to understand the previous design. The 16-point rose has the unpleasant number of 22 1/2° between the points, but is easy to find by halving the divisions and could have been easier for those who don`t use a 360° circle. With the Gradians, the sixteen-step rose will have exactly twenty-five gradians per point. The seemingly endless ranks drew attention to the command and thousands of white gloves rose as a sign of greeting. Although modern compasses use the names of the eight main directions (N, NE, E, SE, etc.), older compasses use traditional Italian wind names of medieval origin (Tramontana, Greco, Levante, etc.). Early wind rose with 32 winds, represented as a simple collection of color-coded rhumblines, from a Genoese nautical chart (c. 1325) The modern compass rose has eight main winds.
Listed clockwise, these are: Internet chatter reached a deafening roar when speculation began about what – plastic surgery? In his meteorological studies, Aristotle identified ten different winds: two north-south winds (Aparctias, Notos) and four sets of east-west winds blowing from different latitudes – the Arctic Circle (Meses, Thrascias), the horizon of the summer solstice (Caecias, Argestes), the equinox (Apeliotes, Zephyrus) and the winter solstice (Eurus, Lips). Aristotle`s system was asymmetrical. To restore balance, Timosthenes of Rhodes added two more winds to create the classic 12-wind rose, and began using winds to indicate the geographical direction of navigation. Eratosthenes drew two winds from Aristotle`s system to create the classic 8-wind rose. [Citation needed] The compass rose is an element of a map that is used to indicate direction, usually displaying cardinal directions and often intermediate directions.
